Medical Sciences

HYDROCEPHALUS: It is a condition more or less similar to water in the brain. DEFINITION: INCREASE IN CSF VOLUME DUE TO IMBALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND REABSORPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. CAUSE: Impaired flow Diminished reabsorption TYPES: It is divided into two types  1.Non communicating [obstructive] hydrocephalus 2.communicating hydrocephalus  1.COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS: It is due to localized obstacle to CSF flow. In this condition, a part of the ventricle is enlarged while the remainder does not. 2.NON-COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS: It is because of reduced  CSF reabsorption. The entire ventricular system is enlarged If hydrocephalus develops before the closure of cranial suture then *head enlarges*.  If hydrocephalus after the closure of cranial suture then *no head enlargement but intracranial pressure is increased*. TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS: A most common treatment is the surgical insertion of f drainage system called a shunt. THIS SHUNT SYSTEM MOVES FLUI...

Blood Supply Of Brain The brain is supplied by two systems namely 1. Carotid system(70%) 2. Vertebrobasilar system(30%) Carotid System: Carotid system consists of an internal carotid artery, a branch of the common carotid artery. Internal carotid artery originates from the common carotid artery at the level of C4. After originating from the common carotid artery ascends upward through the carotid canal of the temporal bone then passes anterior through the cavernous sinus and enters the subarachnoid space. At lateral sulcus, ICA divides into  Anterior cerebral artery. Middle cerebral artery. Following are the branches of ICA which supplies the brain  1.ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY It curves backwards over corpus callosum and does an anastomosis with posterior cerebral artery. Cortical branches Supply the medial surface of hemisphere while central branches supply lentiform caudate and internal capsule. 2.OPHTHALMIC ARTERY  Supplies orbital structures. 3.MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY R...